Networking commands

Here are some networking commands that i find out. This will help freshers to quickly understand networking basics .

1. IPCONFIG
2. PING
3. NSLOOKUP
4. TRACERT
5. ARP
6. NETSTAT
7. NBTSTAT
8. ROUTE
9. WHOIS database
11. TELNET
10. Installing IPv6

1.IPCONFIG
The IPCONFIG command is used to display internet configuration of the system.
In IPCONFIG the default is to display the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for each
adapter bound to TCP/IP. It helps in detecting bad IP addresses, incorrect subnet masks,
and improper broadcast addresses.
EXAMPLE:
c:>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.124
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.254
Two common commands:
1.To display full configuration information
c:>ipconfig /all
Windows IP Configuration
Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : LABVIEW
Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . :
Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown
IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No

Ethernet Adapter Local Area Connection :
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Etherne
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-16-17-20-1D-9F
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.124
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.6.254
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.250


2.To release and renew (get) an address from the DHCP server
c:>ipconfig /release

c:>ipconfig /renew

2.PING
Ping command is used to indicates whether a remote host can be reached.
It also displays information about packet loss and packet delivery time.
If the host is reachable then it send replay message Replay from that specific IP address otherwise Destination host unreachable.
EXAMPLE:
C:>ping 192.1689.1.250
Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Reply from 192.168.1.250: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=63 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.250: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
Normal Use: send four packets
Usage: ping target_host
EXAMPLE:
c:>ping 192.168.1.250

Send ping packets count times
Usage: ping -n count target_host
Example:
c:>ping -n 192.168.1.250

Send ping packets with a specific buffer size (byte)
Usage: ping -l size target_host
Example:
C:> ping -l 100 192.168.5.254

3.TRACERT
TRACERT command is used to print information about each routing hop that
packets take going from your system to a remote system.
EXAMPLE:
c:>tracert
Usage: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name
Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.

How to share file between Windows XP and a Vista computer

In case of Vista, the default workgroup is MSHOME,and in case XP WORKGROUP. So make sure both system’s are on the same workgroup before attempting to share files between XP and Vista.

First thing to do:
In XP, go to Control Panel > System. Then on the “Computer Name” tab, click the change button, and edit the workgroup to be the same as Vista (MSHOME).


On the Vista machine:
1.First go to the Network and Sharing Centre and make sure you have file sharing turned on. Having your network set to Private also helps.



1.afterthat go to the folder you want to share and Right-click on the file to bring a menu up > Choose Properties > Then Sharing. Click on Advanced Sharing. More details on how to share a file.
2.Now click the Share this folder check box, and then click Permissions.
3.Let the Permission window should open.
4.After now click on add to add a user. Then type in guest in the textbox that says Enter the object names to select.
5.Click Check Names which should then find Vista’s guest account and prefix your PC’s name in this format: YourComputerName\guest.
6.Click Ok to go back to the Permissions window.
7.You should now have the Guest account under group or users names.
8.Highlight the guest account and give it the relevant permissions. (Full control, Change or Read)
9.Click Ok and your done!

This is how simple it is to sharing file worked between Windows XP computers , and now you can have it enabled for Vista too!

Computer restarts after loading the Windows Logo screen

whether this happened to you? You try to start your computer. Everything seems fine until it gets to the Windows logo screen and then restarts again. If you let it go it will possibly go on forever.
Two main causes for this problem. Not saying that these are the only answers for this problem, however these are the most common for me that i found.
1.Faulty random access memory (ram)
Having faulty memory can cause a number of symptoms including a continual restart of Windows. I have tested this theory in a number of computers, including Acer and Dell computers. The computers were working fine until I installed the faulty memory. As soon as the bad memory is removed and the working memory is replaced the computer is fine again. Faulty memory can also cause your computer to show a complete black screen or even the blue screen of death. Also see

Computer has a black screen and will not Boot or
Startup

If you have two sticks of memory in your computer, remove one and then start your computer. If this doesn't work then swap them over and try the other one. If the computer still restarts after loading the Windows Logo screen, then try the next option
2.The hard drive is dead or the boot sector is destroyed
The computer will not boot or start if there is no hard drive to go to. I repaired a computer with exactly this problem. It loaded the windows logo screen and then kept restarting. I first thought it was a memory problem, however it turned out to be the hard drive. I removed the hard drive and placed it in an external case, and still could not access it. I fitted a new hard drive to the computer and put a Windows Xp disc in the cd drive. And away it went, formatting and installing Windows XP. The odd thing is that you always presume that the computer will come up with an error message saying that there is no disk present. But this doesn't always happen.

So next time your computer loads the Windows Logo screen and then restarts be sure to check for these two common problems before investigating the problem further.